Continuous Monitoring of Subcutaneous Glucose and Lactate Using Microdialysis with On-Line Enzyme Electrodes
نویسندگان
چکیده
sayed by liquid chromatography, immunoassay, or capillary electrophoresis. The separation systems offer selective detection of analytes, but in many cases, the temporal resolution of the assay is not sufficient for continuous real-time monitoring of the microdialysate. These techniques are limited by the minimum sample volume required for practical sample handling and reliable measurements. The perfusion rates for microdialysis are typically between 1 and 5 μL/min, so the amount of time required to collect an adequate sample volume limits the temporal resolution of the assay. The use of an on-line injector can minimize the sample volume requirement; however, this can be problematic when the time required for all peaks in a chromatogram to elute is greater than the period for sample collection. In recent years, there have been attempts to make continuous measurements of substances in microdialysate by coupling the microdialysis probe to an on-line electrochemical enzyme sensor (1–4). The use of enzyme electrodes with high selectivity and sensitivity can circumvent the inconvenience and cost of chromatography separations. Compared with implantable enzyme sensors for real-time in vivo analyses, the coupling of microdialysis sampling with external enzyme sensors is shown to be less invasive, more stable, and easier to sterilize. In this article, we show a complete assay system for the continuous subcutaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate obtained by coupling the microdialysis effluent on-line with glucose and lactate enzyme electrochemical sensors in a simple configuration.
منابع مشابه
On-line continuous monitoring of glucose and lactate by ultraslow microdialysis combined with a flow-through nanoliter biosensor based on poly(m-phenylenediamine) ultra-thin polymer membrane as enzyme electrode
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